In today's surging era, efficient and effective management system to guide the company's operations and remain competitive is essential. Obviously, the management ABILITY to the entity's control, the more effective governance and, ultimately, the company will have the ABILITY to stay in the COMPETITION. This study examined the effectiveness of management's ABILITY to compete in the product market. In this regard, managing director for focusing power to enhance the efficiency of the resource is defined. To calculate COMPETITION indices Lerner, Lerner adjusted and the Herfindahl – Hirschman are used. The population included 87 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange, which is a combination of methods and data were analyzed by ordinary least squares regression. The results of this study confirmed the hypothesis and showed that the ABILITY to manage a positive and significant effect on COMPETITION in the product market.

Purpose: The present study aims to identify and explain the futures of Iranian provinces in the COMPETITION for the development of NBIC technological convergence (synergy between nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology and cognitive sciences) with a focus on Yazd province. Method: This research, which has been conducted with a qualitative and descriptive approach, is classified as an exploratory futures-study. In this way, the relevant research records were first reviewed to compile a list of drivers in the development of convergent technologies. The list was then refined and prioritized to identify two key drivers, with the Delphi process attended by fourteen experts. By intersecting the uncertainties of these two drivers, four scenarios of the province's future in technological convergence COMPETITION emerged. Findings: The two key drivers affecting the success of the province in the COMPETITION for convergent technologies are: the rate of development of the innovation ecosystem and the amount of financial resources allocated to this process. Based on this, four scenarios of the future situation of the province in this field were identified, which have been named as "Vanguard", "Buyer", "Remnant" and "Hired". Conclusion: In order for the provinces to be able to succeed in the forthcoming COMPETITIONs in the production and operation of convergent technologies, it is necessary to plan for strengthening the ecosystem infrastructure from now; at the same time, it is necessary to make efficient efforts to provide sufficient financial resources for the research and commercialization of these technologies.

COMPETITION law is a newcomer to the legal system recently. A sound understanding of COMPETITION policy can provide us with sufficient bases to apply a fundamental and normative view of the issues of COMPETITION law. The difference in supervision and regulation determines how the market functions and in order to understand this difference one must understand COMPETITION policy. COMPETITION policy may be based on governmental support for national production and industry or on a non-interventional and regulatory posture. Moreover, supervision, based on the principle of non-intervention in the market mechanism, is rooted in liberal ideas; however, regulation, whether as a rule or an exception, is based on the assertion that the market has been ineffective in attaining its goals. Therefore, the government will resort to interventions to regulate inefficiencies.  This paper aims to analyze Supervisory Authority in Implementing Competitive Policy by employing the description method. In this article the author tries to first delineate COMPETITION policy, its related requirements and imposed deviations to the market. Then, by defining the supervisory entity and clarifying its distinction from the regulatory institutions, the author considers the characteristics of an appropriate supervisory entity conducting a comparative study of this issue in Iran and the U.S.A. This form of COMPETITION policy because of its applicable experiences which have been well described by recent scholarship is considered suitable for the native system.

In order to study the COMPETITION ABILITY of amaranth and mungbean in fodder intercropping system under different crop residue management, a field experiment was conducted at two seasons (first planting of wheat and then intercropping management) in Agricultural Faculty of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz during growing season of 2010-2011. The experimental design was split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Three crop residue managements were in main plot and five planting ratios were in sub-plot. Eight indices of the COMPETITION abilities were measured. The results showed that the highest intercropping fodder yield (1347.6 g.m-2) and LER (1.27) were obtained in residue incorporated and 50% planting ratio of each crop. Residue burning increased variation of CR, reduced RLO and RCI and also, had the highest RYL. In higher planting ratio, the aggrissivity of amaranth was more than mung bean. In treatments with highest forage yield, amaranth and mungbean were dominant and non-dominant crops, respectively. In conclusion, amaranth was more influenced by residue management methods and planting ratios than mung bean and also, its COMPETITION ABILITY had more variation in compared by mung bean.

To evaluate the COMPETITION between wheat and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) in nitrogen and herbicide levels, an experiment was conducted in Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University, at 2007-8. A split-plots design in RCBD (Randomized Complete Blocks Design) with three replications was used for this experiment. The nitrogen levels (0, 60, 120 and 180kg/ha) arranged in main plots. Each main plot was be splitted to five sub-plots, and herbicide levels (0, 15, 20 and 25g three benoron methyl/ha) with hand-weeding as a control treatments were arranged in sub-plots. The results showed that the interaction effect between nitrogen and herbicide levels on grain yield (GY) of wheat and dry matter (DM) production of wild mustard was significant. With increase of nitrogen, while herbicide levels were low or no control was be done, GY of wheat and DM of wild mustard decreased and increased, respectively. It can be said that in high levels of nitrogen, more herbicide will be required for weed management. In low levels of nitrogen, difference between herbicide levels was little and DM of wild mustard decreased significantly. Generally, increase of nitrogen caused to decrease of wheat COMPETITION ABILITY against wild mustard and also caused to requirement more herbicide. Highest DM of mustard was produced with 180kg N/ha without weed control. In the other hand, highest GY of wheat was gained by 180kg N/ha and 20g three benoron methyl/ha.

In four separate experiments, ecophysiological characteristics of a wide range of Iranian wheat cultivars were studied during 1377 and 1378 growing seasons. In the first trial, 12 bread wheat cultivars released during the last 44 years were studied under the same agronomic practices. In the second trial, 6 cultivars selected from the first trial were planted under the recommended agronomic practices for maximum attainable yield of each cultivar. In the third trial, the same 6 cultivars were grown with wild oat at the density of 80 plant/m2 and managed as mentioned for the second trial. The fourth trial was similar to the second one, but the planting density was set at optimum (recommended), 33%, and 66% higher than optimum. Result of the first two trials showed that there has been an increasing trend in yield of wheat cultivars associated with the year of their release. There was a positive and significant correlation between grain yield and harvest index (r=0.65 and 0.93 for the years 1377 and 1378, respectively). COMPETITION ABILITY of wheat cultivars has also been enhanced in the course of their release as it was evident by a higher yield, a lower weed biomass, and a greater competitiveness index (Cl) of the new compared to the old cultivars when infested by wild oat. Increasing plant density above the recommended level optimum led to a yield reduction in all cultivars, but this yield reduction was not significant. It was concluded that during the last 50 years, wheat cultivars have been improved for higher grain yield and better inter-specific COMPETITION ABILITY. However, intra-specific COMPETITION ABILITY of cultivars was not changed significantly.

The aim of this study was to identify the indicators of competitive ABILITY in an electronic banking system. To conduct the research, a qualitative method and semi-structured interviews were used. The data were collected from forty electronic banking experts and managers in the Iranian banking system. Then, the collected data were analyzed with open coding and axial coding methods. The results of the analysis were used to identify the primary indicators of competitive ABILITY in the electronic banking system. In the next step of this research, Delphi technique was used to consult electronic banking experts about the primary indicators derived from the semi-structured interviews and the theoretical literature. In the final stage, seven indicators were confirmed. They include quality of services, improvement of service channels, service innovation, use of new technologies, advertisement, customer-orientedness, and bank reputation.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the COMPETITION relationship of canola cultivars and wild mustard at the agriculture research station of golestan province during 2006-2007 growing season. The experimental design was a factorial arranged in RCBD with three replications. Experimental factors were canola cultivars (Zarfam, Hayola330, Option500, and Rgs003) and four wild mustard densities (0, 4, 8 and 16 plantlm2). Linear reciprocal and yield loss models were fitted and their coefficients were used to interpret COMPETITION relationships of canola cultivars and wild mustard results revealed that Zarfam, cultivar had the lowest coefficient of reciprocal model than other cultivars for both of grain yield and biological yield. Also, result indicated that interspecific COMPETITION of canola cultivars was different and the highest value belonged to Zarfam cultivar. Our results based on yield loss models confirmed that biological yield decreased less than grain yield (Grain yield was more susceptible). Comparison of hyperbolic yield loss models showed that relative leaf area model with the highest value of R2, was more capable to predict yield loss of canola cultivars. The relative damage coefficient (q) of relative leaf area model showed that wild mustard was more competitive than canola (q> 1).

Introduction Weeds are among the main limiting factors in agriculture. In fact, the problem of weeds is a basic problem in farms, which can lead to major yield loss. Weeds can decrease soil nutrients and threaten crops by competing for water and light or by their allelopathic effects. Crop yield losses due to weeds depend on a number of factors such as grown species, weed number per area, weed competitive value, and crop developmental stage. Weeds can decrease grain quality, cause unequal maturation and harvesting difficulties, and act as the hosts for pathogens and pests. In addition, environmental and human health impact of herbicides, increasing resistance to herbicides, scarce by herbicides and increased conservation agriculture were the main factors stimulating the interest in developing new weed control methods. Chickpea is a weak crop against weed. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. ) is one of the earliest cultivated legumes and has been found in the Middle East 7500-years ago. It plays an important role in human nutrition as a source of protein, energy, fiber, vitamins, and minerals for large population sectors in the developing world and is considered a healthy food in many developed countries. Materials and Methods In order to evaluate yield components, yield and competitive power of chickpea cultivars, an experiment was conducted on a sand claysoil at the Agricultural Research Station (latitude 35˚, 1' N, longitude 48˚, 31' E and 1690 m altitude), Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamedan, Iran. The long-term average air temperature and average air temperature during the growing season was 12. 5˚, C and 22˚, C, respectively. The experiment was done within two seasons, 2013 and 2014. The same field was used in both years and the same treatments were applied to the same plots. Experiment was conducted as the factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Experimental treatments included weeding, no weeding of weeds, and five cultivars of chickpea (Tork, Hashem, Arman, Azad and Mahali). Analysis of variance was used for statistical analyses (Version 9. 2, SAS). Differences between treatments were compared by least significant difference (LSD) test at the 5% probABILITY. Results and Discussion Analysis of variance showed that the effect of weed control on all traits except harvest index was significant. The effect of cultivar on all traits except harvest index was significant. The effect of weed control × cultivar interaction was statistically significant only on grain and biological yield. The highest grain yield (136. 00 g m-2) was obtained for Hashem cultivar in weeding condition. The lowest value of this trait with about 75% reduction was obseverd for Mahali cultivar under no weeding condition. Maximum biological yield (394. 75 g m-2) was observed for Hashem cultivar under weeding condition and the lowest value, with about 70% reduction, was found for Mahali cultivar under no weeding condition. Maximum and minimum weed biomass (104. 99 and 52. 50 g m-2, respectively) and weed density (20. 50 and 10. 67 per m2) was found for Hashem and Mahali cultivar, respectively. Therefore, results showed that the highest ABILITY withstand COMPETITION (52. 30) was observed for Hashem cultivar, and the lowest value of this index (39. 12) was for the Mahali cultivar. The results showed that increasing the biomass of chickpea plants increased the ABILITY withstand COMPETITION index, and decreased weed density and weed biomass. Therefore, Hashem cultivar can be known as a resistant cultivar against weeds, but Mahali cultivar has the lowest ABILITY against weed invasion. In general, the use of resistant varieties is a good solution to reduce weed damages. Conclusion The results of this experiment showed that the yield of different chickpea cultivars decreased in the presence of weeds. However, yield reduction in different cultivars was not the same. As a result, Hashem and local cultivars were identified as the strongest and weakest cultivars against weeds, respectively. By evaluating the yield of different chickpea varieties and competitiveness index, the varieties with good competitive ABILITY in the presence of weeds can be identified. Additionally, this has the potential for weed control management without chemical herbicides.